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	Absolute Monarchs \| 30 Years War \| Enlightened Absolutism \| English Monarchy Limited \| Enlightenment and Revolution - 1500-1800
	Age of Absolution, 1500 - 1800 Age of Absolutism European Enlightenment Glossary http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/ABSOLUTE.HTM Divine Right of Kings, Social Contract, and Rights are discussed. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/ABSOLUTE.HTM Absolute Monarch is discussed. Age of Absolutism http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/WebLinks/WebLinks-AgeOfAbsolutism.htm This is a very large list of sites and primary documents which can be very helpful. If you get a bad link, send an email. Another Way: England, Holland, and America http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/lect/mod05.html In outline form - England in the early 17th century showing absolution and constitutionalism in competition. Absolute Monarchy and Enlightened Absolutism http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/WebLinks/WebLinks-AgeOfAbsolutism.htm The principle theorist of absolutism was that monarchs are placed in power by God, and since monarchs are placed in power by God, that also meant that monarchs are answerable to no-one except God in matters of ruling the state. Bishop Jacques Bossuet http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111boss.html The Divine Right of Kings Spanish Art and Literature http://www.spanisharts.com/ http://www.zeroland.co.nz/art_spain.html Art, architecture, music and literature Where does the Enlightenment begin? http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/PRE.HTM Enlightenment is primarily about changes in the world view of European culture and because of the growth in absolute and centralized power of the national government and the monarchy, this age in European history is generally considered to be 1660 through 1789. Check the wars of religion, Protestant England, and the Devine Right of Kings by Jacques-Benigne Bossuet. TOP Absolute Monarchs Louis XIV and France Wars of Religion http://www.lepg.org/wars.htm Information and a map of territorial divisions. Wars of Religion http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REFORM/WARS.HTM France, 1562-1598, Spain, Holland and England, Thirty Years War, 1618 - 1648 Europe in the Age of Religious Wars 1560-1715 http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture6c.html Information about the time period with links to Machiavelli, the Inquisition, Calvin, and more. Edict of Nantes, 1598 http://www.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/edictnantes.html A declaration of religious toleration Edict of Nantes http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/French_History/edict_of_nantes_%5B1589%5D.htm An explanation and a history Cardinal Richelieu http://www.bartleby.com/65/ri/RichelAJP.html Short Biography For Philosophy of Skepticism visit the Philosophy and Religion Page. Louis XIV Biography 1638 - 1715 http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/France/LouisXIV.html http://www.nvcc.edu/home/cevans/Versailles/site/louisxiv.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/17stsimon.html Under Louis, France, at a heavy price, became a modern state. http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-14.htm The wars of Louis XIV, Bohemia, Phillip II of Spain Phillip II of Spain http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Phillip_II_the_man.htm Information about the man, the government of Spain, the Catholic Church, and more. When you click on a section, look for related items on the right. Phillip II http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12002a.htm Extensive information with links. TOP 30 Years War 1618-1648 30 Years War http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/thirty_years_war.htm Included links: Holy Roman Empire, the Danish War, France and the war, Peace, Social Developments and more. 30 Years War http://www.pipeline.com/~cwa/TYWHome.htm Site includes large Europe Map information, links timeline, and bibliography. http://www.strategos.demon.co.uk/tywhome/ Includes battles, leaders, a timeline. 30 Years 1618-1648 http://www.thecaveonline.com/APEH/thirtyyearswar.html This is a type of timeline to help keep all the events of the time in order. TOP Enlightened Absolutism Enlightened Despots http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook11.html Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Poland. Frederick I of Prussia, r. 1740-1786 Called Frederick the Great http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~spok/metabook/fgreat.html This is an extensive online book. Marie-Therese, r. 1740-1780 http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/mariatheres.html The Austrian ruled over her country for 40 years and brought the country into the modern era. Joseph II, r. 1780-1790 http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/ABSOLUTE.HTM This site includes Marie-Therese, Joseph and Catherine of Russia Peter the Great and the Rise of Russia 1682-1725 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/petergreat.html Four author write about the ruler. Catherine the Great of Russia (r. 1762-1796). http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/18catherine.html One of the most successful European monarchs. (Russia had been a part of an Asian Empire.) Catherine http://www.bartleby.com/65/ca/Cathrin2.html TOP English Monarchy Limited The English Revolution http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook06.html#The%20English%20Revolution Get information about the Tudors, the Stuart Challenge, Civil war and Revolution, and the Radicals. Lots of primary source materials. English Civil War http://history.boisestate.edu/WESTCIV/english/ There are 23 chapters of information on this site. Civil War or Great Rebellion http://www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk/ecivil/index.htm Click on the years, the prologue, the people, and 9 years of conflict. Oliver Cromwell http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/oliver-cromwell.htm From humble origins to become the most successful military and political leader of the Civil Wars. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/cromwell_oliver.shtml More information on Cromwell. Cromwell and the war http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcromwellO.htm Has links and information including Charles I, the Battle of Naseby, Puritan views and more. Oliver Cromwell http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/cromwell_oliver.shtml This is a short biography and information of the times as Parliament overthrows the King. Glorious Revolution http://www.victorianweb.org/history/Glorious_Revolution.html Short explanation of the Revolution. Jacobite Heritage http://www.jacobite.ca/ The Jacobites after the Revolution of 1688, continued to support the Stuart dynasty and the principle of divine right. TOP Enlightenment and Revolution 1500-1800 The Industrial Revolution http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html The process of industrialization of the western world changed everything and effected people in every way. Inventors of the Industrial Revolution http://inventors.about.com/od/indrevolution/ Besides information, there are pictures and timelines on this site. French Revolution http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/ 600 primary documents comprise this collaboration of the Center of History and New Media from George Mason University and the City University of New York. Explore, browse or search information and images. French Revolution http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Scientific Revolution http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/ This is an extensive list of links to information, study guides, outlines, tools and resources about the scientific revolution. Scientific Revolution http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/SCIREV.HTM This site studies the changes that took place because of changes in the structure of European thought. Scientific Revolution http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook09.html The Internet Modern History Sourcebook notes sites from various institutions for information.


	Last updated: 03.28.2007 Woodbridge High Library \| Irvine, California 92614